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	<div class="book-summary" id="category" style="display:none"></div>
<div  id='write'  class = ''><p><span>建议先观看视频入门：</span><a href='https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ev411G7VE/'><span>https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ev411G7VE/(opens new window)</span></a></p><h2><a name="为什么学-linux" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>为什么学 Linux？</span></h2><p><span>相比于 Windows，Linux 免费、开源、安全、灵活、稳定、便于开发，所以更受企业青睐，甚至 </span><strong><span>90% 以上</span></strong><span> 的企业应用都是用 Linux 服务器部署的。</span></p><p><span>无论是前端、后端、算法、测试、运维等计算机相关岗位的同学，都建议学习下 Linux，大有裨益。</span></p><h2><a name="学习境界" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>学习境界</span></h2><p><span>首先，Linux 入门很简单，但想学的透彻难上加难！</span></p><p><span>因此，在学习之前要明确目标。</span></p><p><span>可以 Linux 的学习分为几种境界：</span></p><ol><li><span>明劲，就是了解 Linux 的基本概念，会敲常用命令来应对工作。对于大多数想从事开发和运维岗位的同学，学到这就足够找到工作了。</span></li><li><span>暗劲，又分为两种境界，能理解 Linux 尤其是其内核的设计思想，为小圆满；能将其思想应用到系统的架构设计中，为大圆满。暗劲境界的高手，冲击大厂、做架构师、从事底层开发，都不成问题。</span></li><li><span>化劲，可谓出神入化，不仅熟知 Linux 的使用、思想和细节，更能推陈出新，自主创造新的系统。</span></li></ol><p><span>当然，一般情况下，会用就够了，想进大厂最好也学习一些内核的设计思想。找到工作后，是否要深入学习完全取决于你自己。</span></p><h2><a name="大纲" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>大纲</span></h2><p><img src="https://qiniuyun.code-nav.cn/img/%E9%B1%BC%E7%9A%AE%20-%20Linux%20%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%B7%AF%E7%BA%BF.png#id=b9adW&amp;originHeight=20254&amp;originWidth=2163&amp;originalType=binary&amp;ratio=1&amp;rotation=0&amp;showTitle=false&amp;status=done&amp;style=none&amp;title=" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="img"></p><h2><a name="路线" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>路线</span></h2><h3><a name="linux-基础知识" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Linux 基础知识</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>发展历史</span></p></li><li><p><span>⭐ 特点和优势</span></p></li><li><p><span>应用场景</span></p></li><li><p><span>⭐ 常见 Linux 系统版本（推荐 CentOS 7+）</span></p><ul><li><span>⭐ CentOS</span></li><li><span>⭐ Ubuntu</span></li><li><span>Debian</span></li><li><span>Fedora</span></li></ul></li><li><p><span>何为开源？</span></p></li></ul><h3><a name="linux-环境" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Linux 环境</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>搭建方式</span></p><ul><li><span>⭐ 虚拟机</span></li><li><span>⭐ 云服务器</span></li><li><span>在线工具</span></li><li><span>WSL</span></li><li><span>Docker 容器</span></li></ul></li><li><p><span>远程连接</span></p><ul><li><p><span>⭐ SSH</span></p></li><li><p><span>连接工具</span></p><ul><li><span>⭐ XShell</span></li><li><span>⭐ MobaXterm</span></li><li><span>SecureCRT</span></li><li><span>Putty</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h3><a name="linux-常用命令" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Linux 常用命令</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>此处只列举命令名称，命令的具体用法可直接在手册中（</span><a href='https://www.linuxcool.com/' target='_blank' class='url'>https://www.linuxcool.com/</a><span>）查询</span></p></blockquote><h4><a name="系统信息" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>系统信息</span></h4><ul><li><span>uname 查看系统信息</span></li><li><span>hostname 查看主机名</span></li><li><span>cat /proc/cpuinfo 查看 CPU 信息</span></li><li><span>lsmod 查看已加载的系统模块</span></li><li><span>top 查看系统使用情况</span></li><li><span>df 查看磁盘使用情况</span></li><li><span>fdisk 查看磁盘分区</span></li><li><span>du 查看目录使用情况</span></li><li><span>iostat 查看 I / O 使用情况</span></li><li><span>free 显示系统内存情况</span></li><li><span>env 查看环境变量</span></li><li><span>uptime 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载</span></li></ul><h4><a name="系统操作" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>系统操作</span></h4><ul><li><span>shutdown 关机</span></li><li><span>reboot 重启</span></li><li><span>mount 挂载设备</span></li><li><span>umount 卸载设备</span></li></ul><h4><a name="用户相关" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>用户相关</span></h4><ul><li><span>su 切换用户</span></li><li><span>sudo 以管理员身份执行</span></li><li><span>who 查看当前用户名</span></li><li><span>ssh 远程连接</span></li><li><span>logout 注销</span></li><li><span>useradd 创建用户</span></li><li><span>userdel 删除用户</span></li><li><span>usermod 修改用户</span></li><li><span>groupadd 创建用户组</span></li><li><span>groupdel 删除用户组</span></li><li><span>groupmod 修改用户组</span></li><li><span>passwd 修改密码</span></li><li><span>last 显示用户或终端的登录情况</span></li></ul><h4><a name="文件相关" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>文件相关</span></h4><ul><li><span>cd 切换目录</span></li><li><span>ls 查看目录列表</span></li><li><span>tree 打印目录树</span></li><li><span>mkdir 创建目录</span></li><li><span>rm 删除目录</span></li><li><span>touch 新建文件</span></li><li><span>cp 复制文件</span></li><li><span>mv 移动文件</span></li><li><span>ln 创建文件链接</span></li><li><span>find 搜索文件</span></li><li><span>locate 定位文件</span></li><li><span>whereis 查看可执行文件路径</span></li><li><span>which 在 PATH 指定的路径中，搜索某系统命令的位置</span></li><li><span>chmod 设置目录权限</span></li><li><span>cat / more / less 查看文件</span></li><li><span>tac 倒序查看文件</span></li><li><span>head / tail 查看文件开头 / 结尾</span></li><li><span>paste 合并文件</span></li><li><span>zip / tar / gzip 压缩文件</span></li><li><span>unzip / tar / gunzip 解压文件</span></li><li><span>grep / sed / awk 文本处理</span></li><li><span>vim 文本编辑</span></li></ul><h4><a name="程序相关" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>程序相关</span></h4><ul><li><span>crontab 计划任务</span></li><li><span>nohup 后台运行程序</span></li><li><span>jobs 查看系统任务</span></li><li><span>ps 查看进程</span></li><li><span>kill 杀死进程</span></li><li><span>rpm / yum / apt / apt-get / dpkg 软件包管理</span></li><li><span>service / systemctl 服务管理</span></li></ul><h4><a name="网络相关" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>网络相关</span></h4><ul><li><span>ifconfig 查看网络属性</span></li><li><span>netstat 查看网络状态</span></li><li><span>iptables 查看 iptables 规则</span></li></ul><h4><a name="其他" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>其他</span></h4><ul><li><span>date 显示系统时间</span></li><li><span>cal 显示日历</span></li><li><span>history 显示与操作历史</span></li><li><span>help 帮助</span></li><li><span>alias 别名</span></li></ul><h3><a name="用户管理" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>用户管理</span></h3><ul><li><span>用户</span></li><li><span>用户组</span></li><li><span>ACL 权限管理</span></li><li><span>用户切换</span></li><li><span>管理员</span></li></ul><h3><a name="文件管理" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>文件管理</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>文件操作</span></p><ul><li><span>创建</span></li><li><span>修改</span></li><li><span>复制</span></li><li><span>移动</span></li><li><span>删除</span></li></ul></li><li><p><span>文件浏览</span></p></li><li><p><span>文件搜索</span></p></li><li><p><span>文件权限</span></p></li><li><p><span>软硬链接</span></p></li><li><p><span>压缩 / 解压</span></p></li></ul><h3><a name="文本操作" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>文本操作</span></h3><ul><li><span>正则表达式</span></li><li><span>grep</span></li><li><span>sed</span></li><li><span>awk</span></li></ul><h3><a name="vim-编辑器" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>VIM 编辑器</span></h3><ul><li><span>基本操作</span></li><li><span>模式</span></li><li><span>快捷键</span></li><li><span>VIM 定制</span></li><li><span>插件增强</span></li></ul><p><span>送张 VIM 键盘图：</span></p><p><img src="https://qiniuyun.code-nav.cn/img/vi-vim-cheat-sheet-sch.gif#id=uRBZ7&amp;originHeight=724&amp;originWidth=1024&amp;originalType=binary&amp;ratio=1&amp;rotation=0&amp;showTitle=false&amp;status=done&amp;style=none&amp;title=" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="img"></p><h3><a name="磁盘管理" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>磁盘管理</span></h3><ul><li><span>使用情况查询</span></li><li><span>磁盘分区</span></li><li><span>挂载</span></li></ul><h3><a name="驱动管理" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>驱动管理</span></h3><ul><li><span>驱动加载</span></li><li><span>驱动更新</span></li><li><span>网卡</span></li><li><span>显卡</span></li></ul><h3><a name="进程管理" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>进程管理</span></h3><ul><li><span>启动进程</span></li><li><span>杀死进程</span></li><li><span>查看进程</span></li><li><span>前台 / 后台任务</span></li><li><span>进程监控</span></li></ul><h3><a name="计划任务" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>计划任务</span></h3><ul><li><span>crond 服务</span></li><li><span>crontab 命令</span></li></ul><h3><a name="网络管理" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>网络管理</span></h3><ul><li><span>IP</span></li><li><span>端口</span></li><li><span>主机名</span></li><li><span>hosts</span></li><li><span>网络配置</span></li><li><span>网络状态</span></li><li><span>网络监控</span></li></ul><h3><a name="系统管理" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>系统管理</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>系统设置</span></p><ul><li><span>日期时间</span></li><li><span>语言</span></li><li><span>字符集</span></li></ul></li><li><p><span>系统服务</span></p></li><li><p><span>环境变量</span></p></li><li><p><span>日志</span></p></li><li><p><span>系统关机 / 重启</span></p></li><li><p><span>数据备份与恢复</span></p></li></ul><h3><a name="服务管理" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>服务管理</span></h3><ul><li><span>服务查看</span></li><li><span>启动服务</span></li><li><span>禁用服务</span></li><li><span>删除服务</span></li><li><span>开机自启</span></li></ul><h3><a name="软件管理" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>软件管理</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>软件包管理器</span></p><ul><li><span>⭐ rpm</span></li><li><span>⭐ yum</span></li><li><span>apt</span></li><li><span>apt-get</span></li><li><span>dpkg</span></li></ul></li><li><p><span>软件安装</span></p></li><li><p><span>软件更新</span></p></li><li><p><span>软件卸载</span></p></li><li><p><span>源码安装</span></p></li></ul><h3><a name="常用软件--服务搭建" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>常用软件 / 服务搭建</span></h3><ul><li><span>HTTP</span></li><li><span>Mail</span></li><li><span>NFS</span></li><li><span>DNS</span></li><li><span>FTP</span></li><li><span>mysql</span></li><li><span>LVS + Keepalived</span></li><li><span>Apache</span></li><li><span>Nginx</span></li><li><span>Redis</span></li><li><span>日志服务</span></li></ul><h3><a name="shell-脚本编程" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Shell 脚本编程</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>默认变量</span></p></li><li><p><span>运算符</span></p></li><li><p><span>条件</span></p></li><li><p><span>循环</span></p></li><li><p><span>执行</span></p></li><li><p><span>函数</span></p><ul><li><span>系统函数</span></li><li><span>自定义函数</span></li></ul></li><li><p><span>规范</span></p></li><li><p><span>调试方法</span></p></li><li><p><span>管道</span></p></li><li><p><span>I/O 重定向</span></p></li></ul><h3><a name="linux-启动过程" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Linux 启动过程</span></h3><ul><li><span>BIOS 启动引导</span></li><li><span>引导加载程序</span></li><li><span>内核加载</span></li><li><span>系统初始化（init）</span></li><li><span>运行级别</span></li><li><span>启动内核</span></li><li><span>执行初始化脚本</span></li><li><span>用户登录</span></li></ul><h3><a name="linux-内核" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Linux 内核</span></h3><ul><li><span>内核的组成</span></li><li><span>目录结构</span></li><li><span>版本</span></li><li><span>模块</span></li><li><span>编译</span></li><li><span>裁剪</span></li></ul><p><span>具体路线图参考：</span></p><p><img src="https://qiniuyun.code-nav.cn/img/%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB.jpg#id=HMWtl&amp;originHeight=2443&amp;originWidth=1869&amp;originalType=binary&amp;ratio=1&amp;rotation=0&amp;showTitle=false&amp;status=done&amp;style=none&amp;title=" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="img"></p><h3><a name="第三方工具" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>第三方工具</span></h3><ul><li><span>Ansible</span></li><li><span>Webmin</span></li><li><span>宝塔 Linux</span></li></ul><h2><a name="岗位" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>岗位</span></h2><ul><li><span>后端开发（Java / Go / C++）</span></li><li><span>底层开发（C / C++）</span></li><li><span>运维开发</span></li><li><span>大数据</span></li><li><span>云计算</span></li><li><span>自动化运维</span></li><li><span>嵌入式开发</span></li><li><span>网络工程师</span></li></ul><h2><a name="学习建议" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>学习建议</span></h2><p><span>多动手实践，建议自己购买一台云服务器，并且在本地搭建 Linux 虚拟机环境。</span></p><p><span>一定要自己从 0 开始手敲命令安装软件、部署服务，熟悉整个项目的上线流程。</span></p><p><span>每个命令至少要跟着敲一遍，了解它们的作用，并通过自然地练习，熟悉常用的 Linux 命令。</span></p><p><span>记不住没关系，用文档查就行了。</span></p><p><span>先会用，再理解。</span></p><p><span>时间不多的话，可以通过面试题来了解一些 Linux 设计思想，而不是直接去深入学习内核，虽说学会了的确大有裨益，但性价比不高。</span></p><h2><a name="资源" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>资源</span></h2><ul><li><p><span>视频</span></p><ul><li><span>⭐ 2021 韩顺平 一周学会Linux：</span><a href='https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Sv411r7vd' target='_blank' class='url'>https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Sv411r7vd</a><span>（基于 CentOS 7.6 版本较新，视频长度刚刚好，也比较完整）</span></li><li><span>【千锋】Linux 云计算基础视频教程 650 集入门：</span><a href='https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1pz4y1D73n' target='_blank' class='url'>https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1pz4y1D73n</a><span>（很全面，适合时间足够、想认真学的同学）</span></li><li><span>【狂神说Java】Linux 教程 - 阿里云真实环境学习：</span><a href='https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV187411y7hF' target='_blank' class='url'>https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV187411y7hF</a><span>（算是个小的入门教程吧，时间足够的话还是推荐看更完整的）</span></li><li><span>细说Linux - 从入门到精通：</span><a href='https://study.163.com/course/courseMain.htm?courseId=983014' target='_blank' class='url'>https://study.163.com/course/courseMain.htm?courseId=983014</a><span>（感觉有点啰嗦，作为备用吧）</span></li><li><span>玩转Vim 从放弃到爱不释手：</span><a href='https://www.imooc.com/learn/1129' target='_blank' class='url'>https://www.imooc.com/learn/1129</a><span>（好评很多）</span></li><li><span>阿里云 Linux 运维学习路线：</span><a href='https://edu.aliyun.com/roadmap/linux'><span>https://edu.aliyun.com/roadmap/linux(opens new window)</span></a></li></ul></li><li><p><span>书籍</span></p><ul><li><span>《鸟哥的 Linux 私房菜 —— 基础篇》：</span><a href='http://cn.linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/linux_basic.php' target='_blank' class='url'>http://cn.linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/linux_basic.php</a><span>（经典）</span></li><li><span>《深入理解 LINUX 内核》：</span><a href='https://book.douban.com/subject/1767120/'><span>https://book.douban.com/subject/1767120/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>《深入Linux内核架构》：</span><a href='https://book.douban.com/subject/4843567/'><span>https://book.douban.com/subject/4843567/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>《Linux内核完全剖析》：</span><a href='https://book.douban.com/subject/3229243/'><span>https://book.douban.com/subject/3229243/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>《Linux内核设计与实现(原书第3版)》：</span><a href='https://book.douban.com/subject/6097773/'><span>https://book.douban.com/subject/6097773/(opens new window)</span></a></li></ul></li><li><p><span>文档</span></p><ul><li><span>Linux  教程（菜鸟教程）：</span><a href='https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-tutorial.html'><span>https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-tutorial.html(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>Linux 教程（W3CSchool）：</span><a href='https://www.w3cschool.cn/linux/'><span>https://www.w3cschool.cn/linux/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>Linux 工具快速教程：</span><a href='https://linuxtools-rst.readthedocs.io' target='_blank' class='url'>https://linuxtools-rst.readthedocs.io</a><span>（基础、工具进阶、工具参考）</span></li></ul></li><li><p><span>合集</span></p><ul><li><span>Linux内核学习资料：</span><a href='https://github.com/0voice/linux_kernel_wiki'><span>https://github.com/0voice/linux_kernel_wiki(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>GitHub Linux 专区：</span><a href='https://github.com/topics/linux' target='_blank' class='url'>https://github.com/topics/linux</a><span>（很多好项目）</span></li><li><span>GitHub Linux 合集：</span><a href='https://github.com/inputsh/awesome-linux' target='_blank' class='url'>https://github.com/inputsh/awesome-linux</a><span>（Linux 系列技术）</span></li><li><span>StackOverflow：</span><a href='https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/linux' target='_blank' class='url'>https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/linux</a><span>（解决问题必备）</span></li><li><span>掘金 Linux 专区：</span><a href='https://juejin.cn/tag/Linux' target='_blank' class='url'>https://juejin.cn/tag/Linux</a><span>（技术文章）</span></li></ul></li><li><p><span>实战</span></p><ul><li><span>⭐ 蓝桥云课 Linux 基础入门：</span><a href='https://www.lanqiao.cn/courses/1' target='_blank' class='url'>https://www.lanqiao.cn/courses/1</a><span>（强烈推荐）</span></li><li><span>腾讯云动手实验室：</span><a href='https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/labs'><span>https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/labs(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>阿里云体验实验室：</span><a href='https://developer.aliyun.com/adc/labs/'><span>https://developer.aliyun.com/adc/labs/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>阿里云知行实验室：</span><a href='https://start.aliyun.com/'><span>https://start.aliyun.com/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>华为云沙箱实验室：</span><a href='https://lab.huaweicloud.com/'><span>https://lab.huaweicloud.com/(opens new window)</span></a></li></ul></li><li><p><span>社区（国内倒的差不多了）</span></p><ul><li><span>Linux 中国：</span><a href='https://linux.cn/'><span>https://linux.cn/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>开源中国：</span><a href='https://www.oschina.net/' target='_blank' class='url'>https://www.oschina.net/</a><span>（综合的开源社区）</span></li><li><span>红帽官网：</span><a href='https://www.redhat.com/zh'><span>https://www.redhat.com/zh(opens new window)</span></a></li></ul></li><li><p><span>工具</span></p><ul><li><span>DistroTest 在线操作系统测试：</span><a href='https://distrotest.net/'><span>https://distrotest.net(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>⭐ Linux 命令搜索：</span><a href='https://wangchujiang.com/linux-command'><span>https://wangchujiang.com/linux-command(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>Linux 命令大全手册：</span><a href='https://man.linuxde.net/'><span>https://man.linuxde.net/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>Linux 命令大全手册：</span><a href='https://www.linuxcool.com/'><span>https://www.linuxcool.com/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>Linux 命令示例：</span><a href='http://linux-commands-examples.com/'><span>http://linux-commands-examples.com/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>宝塔 Linux 面板：</span><a href='https://www.bt.cn/'><span>https://www.bt.cn/(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>在线 Shell 脚本检查：</span><a href='https://www.shellcheck.net/'><span>https://www.shellcheck.net(opens new window)</span></a></li></ul></li><li><p><span>面试题</span></p><ul><li><span>Linux 常见面试题整理：</span><a href='https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/376749877'><span>https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/376749877(opens new window)</span></a></li><li><span>Linux 常见面试题整理：</span><a href='https://github.com/0voice/linux_kernel_wiki#-面试题'><span>https://github.com/0voice/linux_kernel_wiki#-面试题(opens new window)</span></a></li></ul></li></ul><p>&nbsp;</p></div>
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